Regulator for kerosene-burners.



H. LEMP. REGULATOR FOR KEROSENE BURNERS.

APPLIOATION FILED 0012.2, 1902.

1,024,209, Patented Apr. 23, 1912.

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harig .l H. LEMP. REGULATOR FOR KEROSENE BURNERS. APPLICATION FILED 00T*2, 1902.

Patented Apr. 23, 1912.

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REGULATOR FOR KEROSENE BURNERS.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT- 2, 1902. 190245209, Patented A111123, 1912.

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HERMANN LEM?, OF LYNNyMASSVACI-IUSETTS, ASSGNOR, lBY MESNE.SSlG-NE'IENTSs TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION Ol? NEWYORK.,

REGULATOR IEOLI,l KEROSENE-BURNERS.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr.. 23, 1912.

ApplicatiOn tiled October 2, 1902. Serial No. 125,667.

citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, Stateof Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inRegulators for Kerosene- Burners, of which the following is aspeciication.

In operating burners with kerosene Wherein the latter is deliverd to theburneropening or openings in the form of vapor, itis of the utmostimportance that a relatively high velocity be maintained at all times inorder to insure a blue llame. It is also nec# essary to batlle the vaporat a pointa short distance beyond' the burner opening so as to cause theproper amountl of air to be entrained with the vapor to support completecombustion. If a streamiof kerosene vapor passing through an opening athigh velocity bet properly battled and ignited it will continue to burnso long as vapor is supplied, but if the baffle plate is removed, theother conditions remaining unchanged, the flame will go out. This'showshow important it is to keep the bafle'plate at the proper distance, andalso thatl the flame unless properly treated is lunstable.

The vapor jet should be discharged from the burner opening at a highvelocity, and as the pressure on the burner rises the burner openingshould be automatically increased, otherwise` the very force of thevapor itself may cause the flame to be eX- tinguished. This last` actionseems to be due to the factr that the vapor is not retarded sulicientlyto burn. When the pressure decreases the burner opening should becorrespondingly decreased otherwise the flame will be yellowwhich isobjectionable. In

other words the burner opening should be varied to tcompensate forchanges in fuel y pressure and this variation must be made from a pointbelow the opening, otherwise the character of the flame will beimpaired.

In the operation of automobilesit is necessary to arrange the fuelsystem so that the burner can be kept in service with a greatly reducedllame under certain conditions of service, such or example, as when theve,- hicle is standing idle or is not using steam. It is customary forthis purpose to place the fuel tank under a small initial air pressureof from 5 to 10 pounds, Whichis sufficient vto supply the burner whenthe vehicle is standing idle. lWhen the vehicle is in operation thepower pump increases the pressure of the fuel delivered by it to 40 or50 pounds. It will be evident from the foregoing that the regulatingdevice must be capable of working automatically over a wide range.

The present invention has for its object to provide an automaticregulator for kerosene burners which will fulil the conditions specifiedabove and at the same time be free from 'objectionable features. i

For a consideration of what I consider to be novel and my inventionattention is called to the description and claims appended thereto.

In the accompanying drawings whic illustrate embodiments of my inventionFigure l is a side elevation partly in section on a larger scale of theburner nozzle and a portion of the valve that controls the-flow throughsaid nozzle.

Referring particularly to Iig. 1, l designates a boiler of anysuitableconstruction having boiler tubes inclosed therein. In the presentinstance a coil boiler designed to furnish superheated steam is shown,but any other kind-of a boiler may be used in its place. Situatedwit-hin the lower port-ion of the boiler casing is a kerosene burner 2,

which is designed to burn the fuel in vapor form. It is provided with asingle opening formed in the detachable nozzle or piece 3,

`and situated directly above thev opening is a detachable battle plate 4having a suitably inclined baille face or faces arranged to spread thevapor as it is received from the opening and cause it to mingle with orentrain the proper amount of air to support combustion. The Wall'of theire chamber is provided with air inlets as indicated by the smalldotted-line circles. The inclined tube v the other. The piston isarranged .to work 20. Toythis crosshead 5 isemployed'to vaporize thefuel as it is 7, and I have found it desirable to electrically weldthese parts together. It is advantageous-to incline the vaporizer 5 soas to prevent the -fuel from passing 'through the vaporizer in the formof se arated bodies or masses and causing ulsations or fluctuations ofthe iame itsel With the arran ement shown there is no opportunity forth1s to happen or for the fuel to bel pocketed.' Situated below theburner o emng is a tray 8 containing a bod some similar material whicforms a wick.` To this wick is secured a second or lighting wick 9-thatextends througha hole 1n tlie bottom of the boiler casing where it isreadily accessible. The burner opening is controlled by a valve that iscarried on the stem 10 which is attached to a lever 30, the latter beingpivot-ally secured to a bracket 11 at one end and' connected with apiston 12 at within the cylinder 13, \and its outward movement isopposed by the extension spring 14. The pressure on the burner systemacting through the piston tends at allA times to force the valvedownward and enlarge the burner opening, while the` spring 14. tends toclose or reduce the burner opening. Fuel for the system is supplied froma tank 1.5. This tank is preferably above the burner opening so as tocause the fuel to ilow by gravity, and I prefer to pllace it under aninitlal air pressure of om 5 to 10 pounds by the air pump 16. Thisinitial pressure is sufficient to keep the burner in operation when thevehicle or other apparatus to which the burner is connected is standingidle. In order to increase the pressure on the fuel system to thenecessary pointa vpower pump 17 is provided, which pump is of thedisplacement type and is driven from an eccentric that is mounted on thepower shaft 18. In ordinary practice-I find it desirable to drive thisshaft directly from the main engine but it canY be `Vdrivenmin anysuitable way. Mounted for movement within th'e pump cylinder is a piston19 ving a crosshead i secured the extension splrings 21 whic tend at alltimes e piston inward against the pres- `sure of the fuel system. Byadjusting the springs ythe pressure on the fuel system may be varied.The outward movement of the piston is limited by the stop 22. The crossvof as estos or head is provided with a pin 23 which works n a slotformed in the end of' the connecting rod- 2,4. This slot and pin form alostmotion connection between the .pump and t-he driving means. Eachtime the eccentric moves the connecting rod to the extreme right thepump piston is brought to the position shown, and if the pressure on thefuel system is less than the maximum the springs 21 will move the pistoninward and cause it to force the fuel through the pipe 25 to thevaporizer. On the other hand if the'burner pressure is at the maximumthe iston will remain against the stop 22 as 1s shown in the drawing, inwhich case the load is entirely removed from the eccentric.

This is especially advantageous where the apparatus is in. service on anautomobile where every saving in energy is of great importance. o

Connected to the pressure pipe of the fuel systemvand to the cylinder 13of the regulator is a pipe 26, and as t-he pressure in the pipe 25varies it follows that the pressure in the regulating cylinder 13 iscorrespond-I ingly varied. Referring now to Fig. 2,lthe construction andaction of this regulator will'be described. To the base of the boiler issecured a casting 27 that' is screw threaded to receive the vaporizertube 5. This joint is suitably inclosed atf28. The burner properisprovided with a screw threaded cap or nozzle 3 containing a singleopening,l which opening increases rapidly in Size as it recedes from thesurface of the cap. Situatedsposterior to or, as illustrated, below theopening and directly in line therewithvis a valve 29 which is mounted onthe upper end of the rod-10. When the lever 30 moves up and down itfollows that the valve 29 will move lcorrespondingly. The constructionofthe valve andthe opening and the relation between them and thepressure device is such that when the'valve is in its extremeupperposition an opening is provided which is suliicient to maintain theburner in operation and keep the parts hot. This opening isformedbetween the Valve and the adjacent wall of the nozzle passage byso constructing the valve that it does not completely fill t-he passage,as for example, by making the valve of slightly smaller. diameter thanthe passage. This varrangement and constructionof the valveV is suchthat' when the power pump 17 is out of action and the burner is dependinupon the pressure in the fuel tank, it wi l permit the va.

pz. e. maintaining a high vapor Velocity at engage the top and bottomofthe lever 30.

As thefpiston moves up and down under the action of the spring 14 andthe pressure 1n l the yp ipe 26, it is evident ythat the position oneupon the other.

of the valve 29 within the burner opening will be varied and the amountof fuel correspondingly increased or decreased to satisf-y theconditions of operation. The character of the power pump is such that 1ttends to maintain a constant pressure at all Y times, and it coperateswith the regulator to attain this result. To put the matter ina'diferent way the fuel pump takes care ofy the major changes inoperating conditions while the regulator takes care of the minorchanges, but 4they are mutually dependent In Fig. 3 is shown an-endelevation of the regulator together with the guide 32 for directing themovements of the piston at its outer end. Formed in the piston is a slot33and pivotally mounted on the guide is an arm 34 which can be movedinto or ont of engagement with this slot. The object of this arrangementis t-o out out the automatic regulator when for any reason it becomesVnecessary and leave the burner with afixed opening, the pump regulatormeanwhile performing its work in the usual manner.

In Fig. 4 the'actuatingrlever 30 is shown in its extreme lower position,and in Fig. 5 t-he lever is shown in its eXtremey raised position.

In the arrangement described, vthe con-A nection 26 of the regulator istakenY from a point' between the pump and the vaporizer, hencethe fuelitself a'cts on the regulating mechanism. 4,

Referring to Fig. 6, I have shown a slight modication of my inventionwherein the pressure of the vapor is employed, as distinguished fromthat of the liquid fuel, to ,actuate the valve 29.

possesses certain advantages over the one This arrangement previouslydescribed in that all stufling boxes can be dispensed with and a tightjointreadily maintained around the diaphragm. The vapor enters from thepipe 6 and passes through the openings 35 into the diaphragm chamber 3G.The downward movement of the diaphragm is resisted by the adjustablecoil spring 37. By changing the position of the screw threaded plug 38,tle compression of the spring and therefore the action of the regulatorcan be varied. The spring is inclosed within a tubular extension of thehead 39 and is guided by the walls of the support 40. In this particularform of my invention when the pressure on the vaporizer decreases due tothe stopping of 'the power pump, the diaphragm 41 rises land' forces thevalve 29 into the opening in the nozzle 3. This decreases the fuelopening in accordance with the decrease in pressure and a blue flamewill be the result.

When the pressure on the system increases due to the starting of thepower ump, the diaphragm 4 1 will be forced owing to the increasedpressure within the diaphragm chamber 36 and thevalve 29 will be removedfrom the opening.

Referring to Fig. 7, I have shown a fur- .ton 42 moves up or down as thecase may be and like the devices previously described varies the burneropening from a point below the llame where it will not interfere withits efficient operation and thereby maintains the velocity of the vaporapproximately constant.

It is to be understood in connection with Figs. 6 and 7 that suitablemeansare em ployed for supplying fuel under pressure to the burner, suchas t-he one shown in Fig. l. It is to, be especially noted that allregulation takes place before the vapor passes the nozzle, and by thismeans the character of the llame is at all times satisfactory.

In accordance with the patent statutes I ownward have shown one .form ofapparatus @for y carrying out my invention, but it is to be understoodthat the drawings are only illustrative and that the invention can becarried out by other and equivalent means.

What I cla-im as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is,

1. In combination, a burner provided with an opening adapted'todischarge a jet of vapor at' high velocity, a' fuel system arranged toautomatically deliver fuel to the burner under high or low pressure in,accordance with changes in the demand for fuel, and means formaintaining the velocity of the vapor jet which comprises a ydevicecontrolled bythe pressure of the fuel system and having a memberarranged within the burner opening posterior to its outlet end lforautomatically varying the effective area of said opening.

2. In combination, a burner having an opening which discharges anunbroken stream of vapor, a fuel system arranged to supply fuel at avariable pressure,- a valve situated below the burner opening andadapted to control the effective area thereof, and a device sensitive tothe pressure on the fuel `system which isarranged to move the valve inthe vdirection of thestream when the pressure isldecreased and in theopposlte direction when the pressureis increased.

3. In combination, a burner having an opening which discharges anunbroken jet of vapor at'hi'gh velocity, a'fuelsystem arranged todeliver fuel to the burner under pressure, a regulator for the burnerwhich is sensitive to the pressure variation of the fuel system whichregulator varies the effective area of the burner opening withoutchanging the velocity of the issuing` jet and a means for rendering theregulator inoperative to permit the burner to operate with a fixedopening.

4.. In combination, a burner of the jet type, a fuel tank connectedtherewith, means for imparting an initial pressure to the tank forcausing fuel to flow automat-ically therefrom to the burner, a pumparran ed to re'-v ceive fuel from the tank and dellver it to the burnerat al dili'erent pressure, and a regulator for the burner comprisingmeans which is subjected to the action of said ressures but is sensitiveto t-he pressure o the fuel due to t-he pump and substantiallyinsensitive to the pressure due to the tank.

5. In combination, a burner having a nozzle, a fuel tank, a pump whichincreases the fuel pressure between the tank and the burner, lsaid pumphaving means for limiting thelpressure of its delivery, conduitconnections between the tank and the pump and between the pump and 'theburner, and a regulatorior the burner which is'arranged on the inletside of the-nozzle and varies the effective area of the passage throughthe nozzle, said regulator being acted upon by the pressure of the fuelsystem to move it in a direction to increase said area.

6. In combination, a burner having a nozzle, a fuel tank, a pumpfor.increasing,the l t pressure in the fuel system, conduitconnectionsbetween the tank and the pump and bet-Ween the pump and theburner, a'valve located in the inlet portion of the nozzle,

and means for varying the position Q fthe valve in accordance withchanges in pressure in the system comprising a device acted upon by thepressure whereby said pressure tends to -open the valve, and meanstending to move said device in opposition 4to t-he pressure to close thevalve.

7,' In combination, a burner, a source of fuel supply, a pump fordelivering fuel from the source to the burner at an increased pressure,conduit means connecting the source with the pump and the pump with theburner, a valve situated below the openixg of the burner and adapted tovary the e ective ldischarge of fuel therethrough, means connected withthe valve and adapted to actuate the same in one direction b thepressure ofthe fuel, and a tension evice l delivered by the accesos!ten-ding to operate against the fuel pressureV for actuating. the valvein the opposite direction. Q v

8., ln combination,y a burner having -a vapor discharging opening, a'fuel supply system, a-valve. situated below the burner opening andhaving a diameter less .than that of the opening soas to permit alimited flow of 'vapor when the valve is in its closed position, -meansfor yieldingly supponting the valve in the opening and tending tonormally retain it therein, and a pressure device ating with said meansfor withdrawing the valve downward from the opening as the fuel pressureincreases and moving it up into the opening as the fuel pressure decreases.

9. lln combination, a burner, conduit means supplying fuel to theburner, a valve situated below the burner opening in coperative relationthereto and capable of only partially closing the same soasto leave atleast a small passage for` the iow ,of fuel under all conditions, apressure device acted upon by thefuel pressure for opening the valve,'and a discharge conduit connected with the pressure device 'thrqughwhich condensed vapor. discharges.

10. In a fue] system, the combination of a burner having a nozzle, aregulator therefor which is arranged on the inlet side of the nozzle andcontrols the effective area of the passage through said nozzle, saidregulator including a device acted upon bythe pressure of the fuel foropenmg the va1vea pump, conduit means connecting the pump with theburner, a power shaft for driving the pump, and a driving connectionbetween the shaft and the pump which permits the stroke ofsaid pump tovary in accordance with changesin'the pressure of the fuel.

'connected with the fuel system and coper- 7 11. 'In combination, aburner, a source of fuel supply capable .of supplying fuel to the vburner at a substantially defnlte pressure, a pump for increasing thepressure of the fuel supplied tothe burner and havingan automatic`regulator which varies the effec-4 tive delivery 'of said pump when thepressure tends to exceed the normal, and a ressure actuated regulatorfor the burner w ich is sensitive only to the pressure of the fuel pump.

12. In combination, a burner, a source of fuel supply capableof'supplying` fuel'to the burner at a4 substantially'denlte pressurevunder certain conditions, conduit means between the source and theburner, apump arranged in said conduit means for increasingthe pressureof the fuel from sald source and I supplying it to the burner under.other con.

dit-ions, said pump having automatic means for regulating lts action, avalve .forthe burner permit-tin -the fuel to be delivered to theburner-by t e pressureof said source,

and a pressure device under the control of the fuel delivered by thepump which opens the valve when 'the pressure of said fuel increases andvice versa.

13. In combination, a burner having an opening for delivering a jet offuel vapor therefrom, a valve therefor capable of partially closing theburner opening in its pcsition for least flow, and a yielding abutmentresponsii'e to changes in the full pressure which opens the valve whensaid pressure increases.

141.A In combinatioma burner having a jet orifice, a valve thereforarranged on the inlet side of the orifice, said valve being -smallerthan said orifice so that the valve can close the orifice to a limitedextent only, and a pressure device connected with the valve which isresponsive to the pressure of the fuel supplied to the burner and movesthe valve to increase the effective area of the orifice as the pressurerises.

15. In combination, a burner having a permanent opening, a valve workingin the inlet portion of the opening of the burner and adapted to varyt-he quantity of fuel discharged therefrom, means controlled by thepressure of the fuel supplied to the burner for actuating the valve, andmeans for supplying fuel to the burner.

16. In combination, a source of fuel supply under pressure, a burnersupplied from said .source and having a permanent jet opening, a valvefor the burner that acts on the fuel prior to its exit from saidopening, means controlled by the pressure of the fuel supply andoperatively connected to the valve for automatically varying thequantity of fuel issuing from the jet opening, and a baffle platearranged axially in the line of the fuel jet.

17. In combination, a source of fuel supply, a burner having a j etopening, a connection between the source and the burner, a

valve for the opening permitting a permav nent passage for thefueltherethrough, and means controlled by the pressure of the fuelsupply for operating the valve for increasing the quantity of fuelpassing through the opening as said pressure increases, or vice versa.'

18. In combination, a burner nozzle provided with a passage having acylindrical portion adjacent its outlet end and a portion adjacent itsinlet end which is larger than the outlet, a needle valve that is madeof slightly smaller diameter than said cylindrical portion to provide atleast a small passage for the fuel at all times., which valve extendsinto said passage from its inlet end, means for supplying fuel to thenozzle, a device controlled by the pressure of the fuel supply, a springwhich opposes the action of the. pressure on the device, and aconnection between said device and the needle valve for moving it backand forth in the nozzle passage to vary the effective area of thepassage when said pressure varies.

19. In combination, al burner having an opening that discharges a streamof fuel, means which supplies fuel under pressure to the burner, a valvedevicel arranged posterior to the outlet of the burner opening forregulating the eective area thereof, and means controlled by thepressure of thefuel which causes said device to increase said area asthepressure rises and vice versa.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-sixth day ofSeptember, 1902.

v HERMANN LEB/IP. Witnesses:

HENRY 0. Wne'rnnnaar, DUGALD MCK. McKinnon

